Initial commit: Wetterdiagramme der Sternwarte Welzheim
Erstellt monatliche Wetterdiagramme (Temperatur Min/Max, Stundenmittel, Niederschlag) aus der Wetterstation-API und verschickt sie per Mail. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""Erstellt Wetterdiagramme für den letzten Kalendermonat und verschickt sie per Mail."""
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import os
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import smtplib
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import tempfile
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from collections import defaultdict
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from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
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from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
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from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
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from email.mime.text import MIMEText
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import matplotlib.dates as mdates
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import requests
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from dotenv import load_dotenv
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load_dotenv()
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API_BASE_URL = os.getenv("API_BASE_URL", "https://stwwetter.fuerst-stuttgart.de/api")
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MAIL_SERVER = os.getenv("MAIL_SERVER")
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MAIL_PORT = int(os.getenv("MAIL_PORT", "587"))
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MAIL_USER = os.getenv("MAIL_USER")
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MAIL_PASSWORD = os.getenv("MAIL_PASSWORD")
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MAIL_FROM = os.getenv("MAIL_FROM")
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MAIL_TO = [a.strip() for a in os.getenv("MAIL_TO", "").split(",") if a.strip()]
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MAIL_SUBJECT = os.getenv("MAIL_SUBJECT", "Wetterbericht letzter Monat")
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MONTHS_DE = [
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"Januar", "Februar", "März", "April", "Mai", "Juni",
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"Juli", "August", "September", "Oktober", "November", "Dezember",
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]
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plt.rcParams.update({
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"figure.facecolor": "#f8f9fa",
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"axes.facecolor": "#ffffff",
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"axes.grid": True,
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"grid.alpha": 0.4,
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"axes.spines.top": False,
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"axes.spines.right": False,
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"font.size": 11,
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})
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def last_month_range() -> tuple[datetime, datetime, str]:
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"""Gibt (start, end, Monatsname) für den letzten Kalendermonat zurück."""
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today = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
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first_of_this = today.replace(day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
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end = first_of_this - timedelta(seconds=1) # letzter Moment des Vormonats
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start = end.replace(day=1, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
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label = f"{MONTHS_DE[start.month - 1]} {start.year}"
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return start, end, label
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def fetch(path: str, params: dict) -> list:
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url = f"{API_BASE_URL}{path}"
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resp = requests.get(url, params=params, timeout=30)
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resp.raise_for_status()
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return resp.json()
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def parse_dt(s: str) -> datetime:
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return datetime.fromisoformat(s.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
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def chart_temp_minmax(start: datetime, end: datetime, label: str) -> bytes:
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data = fetch("/weather/daily-aggregated-range", {
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"start": start.isoformat(),
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"end": end.isoformat(),
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})
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dates = [parse_dt(d["datetime"]) for d in data]
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t_min = [d["min_temperature"] for d in data]
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t_max = [d["max_temperature"] for d in data]
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fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 5))
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ax.plot(dates, t_max, color="#e05c2a", linewidth=2, marker="o", markersize=4,
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label="Tages-Maximum")
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ax.plot(dates, t_min, color="#2a7be0", linewidth=2, marker="o", markersize=4,
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label="Tages-Minimum")
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ax.fill_between(dates, t_min, t_max, alpha=0.12, color="#888888")
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ax.set_title(f"Temperaturverlauf (Tages-Min / Tages-Max) – {label}",
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fontweight="bold", pad=14)
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ax.set_ylabel("Temperatur (°C)")
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ax.set_xlim(start, end)
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ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter("%d.%m."))
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ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(mdates.DayLocator(interval=3))
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fig.autofmt_xdate(rotation=0, ha="center")
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ax.legend(framealpha=0.8)
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fig.tight_layout()
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return _fig_to_bytes(fig)
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def chart_temp_hourly(start: datetime, end: datetime, label: str) -> bytes:
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data = fetch("/weather/hourly-aggregated-range", {
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"start": start.isoformat(),
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"end": end.isoformat(),
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})
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dates = [parse_dt(d["datetime"]) for d in data]
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temps = [d["temperature"] for d in data]
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fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 5))
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ax.plot(dates, temps, color="#2a7be0", linewidth=1.5, label="Stundenmittel")
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ax.set_title(f"Temperaturverlauf (Stundenmittel) – {label}",
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fontweight="bold", pad=14)
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ax.set_ylabel("Temperatur (°C)")
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ax.set_xlim(start, end)
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ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter("%d.%m."))
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ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(mdates.DayLocator(interval=3))
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fig.autofmt_xdate(rotation=0, ha="center")
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ax.legend(framealpha=0.8)
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fig.tight_layout()
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return _fig_to_bytes(fig)
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def chart_rain_daily(start: datetime, end: datetime, label: str) -> bytes:
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# Das rain-Feld ist ein kumulativer Zähler; Tagessumme = max - min je Tag
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data = fetch("/weather/range", {
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"start": start.isoformat(),
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"end": end.isoformat(),
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"limit": 50000,
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})
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by_day: dict[str, list[float]] = defaultdict(list)
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for d in data:
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if d.get("rain") is not None:
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day_key = parse_dt(d["datetime"]).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
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by_day[day_key].append(d["rain"])
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dates = []
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rain = []
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for day_key in sorted(by_day):
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vals = by_day[day_key]
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daily = max(vals) - min(vals)
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if daily < 0: # Zählerreset → nehme max als Tagessumme
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daily = max(vals)
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dates.append(datetime.fromisoformat(day_key).replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc))
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rain.append(round(daily, 1))
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fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 5))
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colors = ["#2a7be0" if r > 0 else "#ccddee" for r in rain]
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ax.bar(dates, rain, color=colors, width=0.7, label="Niederschlag")
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total = sum(rain)
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ax.set_title(
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f"Niederschlag pro Tag – {label} (Summe: {total:.1f} mm)",
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fontweight="bold", pad=14,
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)
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ax.set_ylabel("Niederschlag (mm)")
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ax.set_xlim(start - timedelta(hours=12), end + timedelta(hours=12))
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ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter("%d.%m."))
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ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(mdates.DayLocator(interval=3))
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fig.autofmt_xdate(rotation=0, ha="center")
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ax.legend(framealpha=0.8)
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fig.tight_layout()
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return _fig_to_bytes(fig)
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def _fig_to_bytes(fig: plt.Figure) -> bytes:
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ax = fig.axes[0]
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ax.text(0.99, 0.03, "Wetterstation der Sternwarte Welzheim",
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ha="right", va="bottom", fontsize=9, color="#bbbbbb",
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transform=ax.transAxes)
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with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".png", delete=False) as f:
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fig.savefig(f.name, dpi=150, bbox_inches="tight")
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path = f.name
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plt.close(fig)
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with open(path, "rb") as f:
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data = f.read()
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os.unlink(path)
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return data
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def send_email(charts: dict[str, bytes], label: str) -> None:
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if not all([MAIL_SERVER, MAIL_USER, MAIL_PASSWORD, MAIL_FROM, MAIL_TO]):
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print("E-Mail-Konfiguration unvollständig – Mail wird nicht gesendet.")
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return
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msg = MIMEMultipart("mixed")
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msg["Subject"] = f"{MAIL_SUBJECT} – {label}"
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msg["From"] = MAIL_FROM
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msg["To"] = ", ".join(MAIL_TO)
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body = MIMEText(
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f"<html><body>"
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f"<h2>Wetterbericht – {label}</h2>"
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f"<p>Anbei die Wetterdiagramme für {label}.</p>"
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+ "".join(
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f'<p><strong>{name}</strong><br>'
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f'<img src="cid:{cid}" style="max-width:100%;"/></p>'
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for (name, _), cid in zip(
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charts.items(),
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["chart1@weather", "chart2@weather", "chart3@weather"],
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)
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)
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+ "</body></html>",
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"html",
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)
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msg.attach(body)
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filenames = [
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"temperatur_minmax.png",
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"temperatur_stundenmittel.png",
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"niederschlag_taglich.png",
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]
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for (name, png), cid, fname in zip(
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charts.items(),
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["chart1@weather", "chart2@weather", "chart3@weather"],
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filenames,
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):
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img = MIMEImage(png, name=fname)
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img.add_header("Content-ID", f"<{cid}>")
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img.add_header("Content-Disposition", "inline", filename=fname)
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msg.attach(img)
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with smtplib.SMTP(MAIL_SERVER, MAIL_PORT) as smtp:
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smtp.ehlo()
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smtp.starttls()
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smtp.login(MAIL_USER, MAIL_PASSWORD)
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smtp.send_message(msg)
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print(f"Mail gesendet an: {', '.join(MAIL_TO)}")
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def main() -> None:
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start, end, label = last_month_range()
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print(f"Hole Wetterdaten für {label} ({start.date()} – {end.date()}) …")
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charts = {
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"Tages-Min / Tages-Max Temperatur": chart_temp_minmax(start, end, label),
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"Temperatur Stundenmittel": chart_temp_hourly(start, end, label),
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"Niederschlag pro Tag": chart_rain_daily(start, end, label),
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}
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print("Diagramme erstellt.")
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os.makedirs("images", exist_ok=True)
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for fname, (_, png) in zip(
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["temperatur_minmax.png", "temperatur_stundenmittel.png", "niederschlag_taglich.png"],
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charts.items(),
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):
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path = os.path.join("images", fname)
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with open(path, "wb") as f:
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f.write(png)
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print(f" → {path}")
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send_email(charts, label)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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main()
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